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Protect your website from bots with Prosopo Procaptcha

#bot-detection #captcha #security #ddos-mitigation #ddos-protection #hcaptcha #human-verification #invisible-captcha #privacy #proof-of-work
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Prosopo Procaptcha

Prosopo Procaptcha is a drop-replacement for reCAPTCHA and hCaptcha that protects user privacy and collects zero data.

Sign up for free and get your sitekey today. You need a sitekey to use this library.

Configuration

Prosopo captcha can be easily implemented in your application via a script tag or a React component.

Add the Procaptcha Widget to your Web page via a script tag

First, you must include the Procaptcha JavaScript resource somewhere in your HTML page. The <script> must be loaded via HTTPS and can be placed anywhere on the page. Inside the <head> tag or immediately after the .procaptcha container are both fine.

<script type="module" src="https://js.prosopo.io/js/procaptcha.bundle.js" async defer></script>

Now, you can either render the Procaptcha widget implicitly or explicitly.

Implicit Rendering Using .procaptcha Container

Add an empty DOM container where the Procaptcha widget will be inserted automatically. The container is typically a <div> (but can be any element) and must have class procaptcha and a data-sitekey attribute set to your public site key.

<body>
    <div class="procaptcha" data-sitekey="your_site_key"></div>
</body>

Typically, you'll want to include the empty .procaptcha container inside an HTML form. When a captcha is successfully solved, a hidden JSON payload will automatically be added to your form that you can then POST to your server for verification. You can retrieve it server side with POST parameter procaptcha-response.

Here's a full example where Procaptcha is being used to protect a signup form from automated abuse. When the form is submitted, the procaptcha-response token will be included with the email and password POST data after the captcha is solved.

Example of implicit rendering
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Procaptcha Demo</title>
        <script type="module" src="https://js.prosopo.io/js/procaptcha.bundle.js" async defer></script>
    </head>
    <body>
        <form action="" method="POST">
            <input type="text" name="email" placeholder="Email" />
            <input type="password" name="password" placeholder="Password" />
            <div class="procaptcha" data-sitekey="your_site_key"></div>
            <br />
            <input type="submit" value="Submit" />
        </form>
    </body>
</html>

Explicit Rendering

If you prefer to render the widget yourself, you can use the Procaptcha.render() method. The Procaptcha.render() must be called after the procaptcha.bundle.js script has loaded.

Example of explicit rendering

The script is loaded in the head of the document and given the id procaptcha-script. A container is created with the id procaptcha-container where the widget will be rendered.

<html>
    <head>
        <script
            type="module"
            id="procaptcha-script"
            src="https://js.prosopo.io/js/procaptcha.bundle.js"
            async
            defer
        ></script>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div id="procaptcha-container"></div>
    </body>
</html>

An onload event is added to the script tag to call the render function when the script has loaded.

// A function that will call the render Procaptcha function when the procaptcha script has loaded
document.getElementById('procaptcha-script').addEventListener('load', function () {
    // Define a callback function to be called when the CAPTCHA is verified
    function onCaptchaVerified(output) {
        console.log('Captcha verified, output: ' + JSON.stringify(output))
    }

    // Get the Element using elementId
    const captchaContainer = document.getElementById('procaptcha-container')
    // Render the CAPTCHA explicitly on a container with id "procaptcha-container"
    window.procaptcha.render(captchaContainer, {
        siteKey: 'YOUR_SITE_KEY',
        theme: 'dark',
        callback: onCaptchaVerified,
    })
})

Procaptcha Options

The Procaptcha.render() function takes an options object as its second argument. The options object can contain the following fields:

Key Type Description Required
siteKey string The site key of your application / website. This is required. ✓
callback function The function that will be called when the CAPTCHA is verified. ✗
theme string The theme of the CAPTCHA widget. The default is light. The other option is dark. ✗
captchaType string The type of CAPTCHA to render. The default is frictionless. Other options are image, pow. ✗
chalexpired-callback string The name of the window function that will be called when the CAPTCHA challenge expires. ✗
error-callback string The name of the window function that will be called when an error occurs. ✗
close-callback string The name of the window function that will be called when the CAPTCHA is closed. ✗
open-callback string The name of the window function that will be called when the CAPTCHA is opened. ✗
expired-callback string The name of the window function that will be called when the CAPTCHA solution expires. ✗
challenge-valid-length number The amount of time, in milliseconds, a successful CAPTCHA challenge is valid for. Defaults to 2 minutes. ✗

The same options can be passed to the implicit rendering method by adding them as data attributes to the .procaptcha. For example, to set the theme to dark, you would add data-theme="dark" to the .procaptcha container.

<div class="procaptcha" data-sitekey="your_site_key" data-theme="dark"></div>
captchaType

You can choose to implement any of the following types of captcha when rendering the Procaptcha component:

Type Description
frictionless The default CAPTCHA type is frictionless. This type of CAPTCHA is invisible to the user, only requiring them to complete an invisible Proof of Work challenge (pow). Suspected bots are served image captcha challenges (image).
pow The pow CAPTCHA type requires the user to solve a cryptographic puzzle. This puzzle simply requires a small amount of computational work to solve, and slows down bots significantly, making it difficult for them to scrape in high volumes.
image The image CAPTCHA type requires the user to solve a simple image CAPTCHA. This is CAPTCHA type most people are familiar with, created by Google reCAPTCHA.

Add the Procaptcha Widget to your site with React

You must import Procaptcha, define a config with ProcaptchaConfigSchema, optionally define callbacks, and render via the Procaptcha component. A minimal example would be as follows:

import { Procaptcha } from '@prosopo/procaptcha-react'
import { ProcaptchaConfigSchema } from '@prosopo/types'

const MyApp = () => {
    const config = ProcaptchaConfigSchema.parse({
        account: {
            address: 'YOUR_SITEKEY',
        },
        // Other config options, see demos/client-example for more details
    })

    return <Procaptcha config={config} />
}

export default MyApp

Further example usage can be seen in demos/client-example

Verify the User procaptcha-response token Server Side

By adding the client side code, you were able to render a Procaptcha widget that identified if users were real people or automated bots. When the captcha succeeded, the Procaptcha script inserted unique data into your form data, which is then sent to your server for verification. The are currently two options for verifying the user's response server side:

Option 1. API Verification

To verify that the token is indeed real and valid, you must now verify it at the API endpoint:

https://api.prosopo.io/siteverify

The endpoint expects a POST request with the procaptcha-response token. You must also pass your secret key, which you can obtain by logging in to our customer portal.

A simple test will look like this, where the contents in data is the procaptcha-response token, after being parsed:

// pseudocode
// get the contents of the procaptcha-response token
data = req.body['procaptcha-response']

// send a POST application/json request to the API endpoint
response = POST('https://api.prosopo.io/siteverify', {
    token: data.token,
    secret: 'your_secret_key',
})

Or, as a CURL command:

curl --location 'https://api.prosopo.io/siteverify' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data '{"secret":"0x1234123412341234123412341234","token":"PROCAPTCHA-RESPONSE"}''

Note that the endpoint expects the application/json Content-Type. You can see exactly what is sent using

curl -vv

in the example above.

Option 2. Verification Package

So far, we only have a TypeScript implementation of the Procaptcha verification package. However, we are working on delivering additional language support in the future.

TypeScript Verification

To verify a user's response using TypeScript, simpy import the verify function from @prosopo/server and pass it the procaptcha-response POST data. Types can be imported from @prosopo/types.

import {ProsopoServer} from '@prosopo/server'
import {ApiParams} from '@prosopo/types'

...
// parse the body received from the frontend
const payload = JSON.parse(event.body)

// parse the procaptcha response token
const procaptchaResponse = payload[ApiParams.procaptchaResponse]

// initialise the `ProsopoServer` class
const prosopoServer = new ProsopoServer(config, pair)

// check if the captcha response is verified
if (await prosopoServer.isVerified(procaptchaResponse)) {
    // perform CAPTCHA protected action
}

There is an example TypeScript server side implementation in demos/client-example-server.

Specifying timeouts

Custom timeouts can be specified for the length of time in which a user has to solve the CAPTCHA challenge. The defaults are as follows:

const defaultCaptchaTimeouts = {
    image: {
        // The timeframe in which a user must complete an image captcha (1 minute)
        challengeTimeout: 60000,
        // The timeframe in which an image captcha solution remains valid on the page before timing out (2 minutes)
        solutionTimeout: 60000 * 2,
        // The timeframe in which an image captcha solution must be verified server side (3 minutes)
        verifiedTimeout: 60000 * 3,
        // The time in milliseconds that a cached, verified, image captcha solution is valid for (15 minutes)
        cachedTimeout: 60000 * 15,
    },
    pow: {
        // The timeframe in which a pow captcha solution remains valid on the page before timing out (1 minute)
        challengeTimeout: 60000,
        // The timeframe in which a pow captcha must be completed and verified (2 minutes)
        solutionTimeout: 60000 * 2,
        // The time in milliseconds that a Provider cached, verified, pow captcha solution is valid for (3 minutes)
        cachedTimeout: 60000 * 3,
    },
}

To specify timeouts using API verification, pass the above object in a field called timeouts, implementing one or more of the timeouts.

// send a POST application/json request to the API endpoint
response = POST('https://api.prosopo.io/siteverify', {
    ...
    timeouts: defaultCaptchaTimeouts, // add timeouts object here
})

To specify timeouts using the verification package, pass the above object in the timeouts field of the ProsopoServer config, implementing one or more of the timeouts.

config = { timeouts: defaultCaptchaTimeouts, ...config }
const prosopoServer = new ProsopoServer(config, pair)

Rendering different CAPTCHA types with Procaptcha

Procaptcha's default frictionless feature dynamically detects if the user is a bot or a human. If the user is likely to be a bot, the user will be presented with a Proof-of-Work CAPTCHA challenge. If the user is likely to be a human, the user will not be presented with an image CAPTCHA challenge.

Serve different types of CAPTCHA by setting the captchaType to frictionless, pow, image.

Example of setting CAPTCHA type implicitly

<div class="procaptcha" data-sitekey="your_site_key" data-captcha-type="frictionless"></div>

Example of setting CAPTCHA type explicitly

document.getElementById('procaptcha-script').addEventListener('load', function () {
    function onCaptchaVerified(output) {
        console.log('Captcha verified, output: ' + JSON.stringify(output))
    }
    // Get the Element using elementId
    const captchaContainer = document.getElementById('procaptcha-container')
    window.procaptcha.render(captchaContainer, {
        siteKey: 'YOUR_SITE_KEY',
        theme: 'dark',
        callback: onCaptchaVerified,
        captchaType: 'image', // `pow` or `frictionless`
    })
})

Demos

React Demo

You can view an end-to-end example of how to implement Procaptcha in a React application in our client-example and client-example-server packages. Details of how to run the examples are in the documentation at the previous links.

HTML Demo

You can view an example of the bundle being used in a simple HTML page in the client-bundle-example. This example is frontend only.

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